Modelling habitat requirement of European fishes: do species have similar responses to local and regional environmental constraints?

نویسندگان

  • D. Pont
  • B. Hugueny
  • T. Oberdorff
چکیده

To test the hypothesis that different species have similar responses to local and regional environmental constraints, we modelled the occurrences of 13 species using a data set of 413 undisturbed river reaches. Three environmental descriptors were considered at the local scale (river slope, river width, and upstream drainage area) and three at the regional scale (mean annual and mean range air temperature and basin unit). Using multiple logistic regression modelling techniques, we correctly predicted the occurrence of 11 of the 13 retained species. The hierarchical partitioning analysis that we used allowed us to jointly consider all possible models in a multiple regression setting and to evaluate the independent explanatory power of each of our five environmental variables. We reject the hypothesis of a common species response to the environmental constraints. Species inhabiting upstream river reaches (bullhead (Cottus gobio), brown trout (Salmo trutta), minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), and stone loach (Barbatula barbatula)) are more sensitive to basin unit. All species representative of downstream areas (barbel (Barbus barbus), dace (Leuciscus leuciscus), chub (Leuciscus cephalus), gudgeon (Gobio gobio), roach (Rutilus rutilus), bleak (Alburnus alburnus), and perch (Perca fluviatilis)) exhibit a positive continuous response to the drainage area, in agreement with the view of a continuous increase of local richness downstream. River slope is an important variable for all species. Main species habitat requirements are discussed for each species. Résumé : À l’aide d’une banque de données couvrant 413 sections non perturbées de rivière, nous avons mis au point un modèle de la présence de 13 espèces afin de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle les différentes espèces ont des réactions semblables aux contraintes environnementales locales et régionales. Nous avons tenu compte de trois variables descriptives du milieu à l’échelle locale (pente et largeur de la rivière, surface du bassin versant en amont) et de trois à l’échelle régionale (température moyenne annuelle de l’air, étendue moyenne des températures de l’air et unité du bassin versant). Des modèles de régression multiple logistique nous ont permis de prédire correctement la présence de 11 des 13 espèces choisies. L’analyse de classification hiérarchique utilisée nous a servi à considérer conjointement tous les modèles possibles dans un cadre de régression multiple et d’évaluer de façon indépendante le pouvoir explicatif de chacune des cinq variables environnementales. Nous rejetons l’hypothèse qui veut qu’il y ait une seule réaction commune des espèces aux contraintes du milieu. Les espèces qui habitent l’amont de la rivière (poisson-chat (Cottus gobio), truite brune (Salmo trutta), mené (Phoxinus phoxinus) et loche franche (Barbatula barbatula)) sont plus sensibles à l’unité du bassin. Toutes les espèces caractéristiques des zones d’aval (barbeau (Barbus barbus), dard (Leuciscus leuciscus), chevaine (Leuciscus cephalus), goujon (Gobio gobio), gardon (Rutilus rutilus), ablette (Alburnus alburnus) et perche (Perca fluviatilis)) montrent un continuum de réactions positives à la surface du bassin versant, en accord avec l’argument qui veut qu’il y ait une accroissement continu de la richesse locale vers l’aval. La pente de la rivière est une variable importante pour toutes les espèces. Les besoins principaux d’habitat de chaque espèce font l’objet d’une discussion. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Pont et al. 173

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تاریخ انتشار 2005